An excerpt from Gervase Markham's 1595 edition of The Gentlemans Academie, or The Booke of S. Albans, explaining the heavenly origin and significance of the arms of France:
... I never heard that euer any Armes came from heauen, but in them was the signe of the Crosse, except onely the Armes of France, which Armes were sent by an Angell from heauen, three floures in maner of swords in a shield of azure, which Armes were giuen to the King of France in signe of euer-lasting trouble, that he and his successors should euer be punished with wars and ciuill broiles.