CArtridges are usually made of Canvass, or Royal Paper ; to make them first take the heighth of the Bore of the Piece, and allow 1/21 part of the Diameter for the Vent, and make the breadth of the Cartridges three Diameters of the Chamber of the Piece, besides the sewing or pasting, and from the Cannon to the whole Culvering is allowed about two Diameters for the length, from the Culvering to the Minion, the Cartridge is two Diameters and a half, and from the Minion to the Base three Diameters.

To every sort of Ordnance you must have a Former turn'd to the heighth of the Cartridge, which is ??/?? parts of the Diameter of the Bore, and half an Inch longer than the Cartridge.

Before you paste the Paper on the Former, tallow it, that the Canvass or Paper may slip off, without starting or tearing.

If you make your Cartridges for Taper-bored Guns, your Former must be taper'd accordingly; if you make your Cartridges of Canvass, allow an Inch for the Seams, but if you make them of Paper, allow 3/4 of an Inch ( more than three Diameters) for the pasting.

When your Cartridges are upon the Former, Having a Botom ready fitted, you must paste the Bottom close and hard round about ; then let them be well dried, and mark every one with black or red Lead, or Blacking, how high they ought to be filled ; and if you have no Scales nor Weights, these Diameters of the Bullets make a reasonable Charge for a Cannon, 2 and 1/4 for a Cannon, three Diameters for a Culvering, and 3 1/4 for the Saker ; And for the lesser Pieces 3 and 3/4 of the Diameter of the Ball, and let some want of their weight against the time the Piece may be over-hot, or else you may endanger your self and others : Note that at Sea the Guns are never charged with a Ladle, but with Cartridges.